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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire ： ウィキペディア英語版 Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire During the period of decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire (1828–1908), the empire faced challenges in defending itself against foreign invasion and occupation. The empire ceased to enter conflicts on its own and began to forge alliances with European countries such as France, the Netherlands, Britain and Russia. The rise of nationalism affected territories within the Empire. The attempted ''Tanzimat'' reforms to modernize the empire were not enough to catch up to western development. The stagnation and reform of the Ottoman Empire (1683–1827) ended with the dismemberment of Ottoman Classical Army, by what is known as the Auspicious Incident but creating a new military (a security apparatus) took multiple Sultans with multiple reorganizations during this period. At the end of this period, marked with the Second Constitutional Era in 1908, -with a degree- Ottoman military became modernized and professionalized in the form of European Armies. The period was an important restructuring and modernization period which most of the parameters were improving but for the reasons explained in the fall of the Ottoman Empire the period followed by defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922). == Main Issues of the period == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.